Notions of the impending climate crisis have pushed a set of highly contested techno-scientific measures onto policy agendas around the world. Suggestions to deliberately alter, to engineer, the Earth’s climate have gained political currency in recent years not as a positive vision of techno-scientific innovation, but as a daunting measure of last resort. The controversial status of various so-called climate engineering proposals raises a simple, yet pressing question: How has it has come to this? And, more specifically, how did such contested measures earn their place on policy agendas, despite enormous scientific complexities and fierce political contestation?

This book approaches these questions by re-contextualizing the history of climate engineering within the larger history of political efforts to cultivate climate science for the state. It tells the story of climate engineering as a story of historically shifting alliances between climate science and politics. Drawing on policy records, archival material, and expert interviews, the text follows the turbulent trajectory of what we now refer to as climate engineering through U.S. policy. Instead of essentialising climate engineering, the text demonstrates how historically specific versions of climate engineering have linked scientific to political agendas from the turn of the twentieth century to the teens of the new millennium. This perspective reveals how efforts to deliberately modify and control the climate have always been couched in the political struggles of their time.

Global societal problems, such as climate change, financial crises, or pandemics have brought the political relevance of scientific expertise to the foreground. This book speaks to scholarship in sociology and science studies, seeking to illuminate the essential entanglements between efforts to understand and efforts to govern such problems. By giving climate engineering a life of its own and following its dynamic trajectory as a contested object of expert work, this book sheds light on the reflexive and historically contingent interplay of science and politics as two distinct, yet increasingly interdependent, realms of society. The text disentangles the complex web of scientific inquiry and policy making — of experts and politicians, observational devices and expert infrastructures — that have given climate engineering its particular shape over the years, challenging us to fundamentally rethink our understanding of the relationship between science and politics.